Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra (SM-S9080) is a samsung device (codename: sm-s9080). FirmwareMirror hosts 99 verified firmware builds, covering: CHC, BRI. Available as official firmware. Last updated: February 2026. All files MD5-verified. Free, no registration.
Find and download official Stock ROM for Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra (SM-S9080) (sm-s9080). All firmware files include MD5 hash verification and are available for direct download.
| Version | Method | Size | Release Date | MD5 Hash | Download |
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| S9080ZHU9FYD9/S9080OZS9FYD9/S9080ZCU9FYD9 | Odin | 494.48 MB | 2025-04-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9FYF4/S9080CHC9FYF4/S9080ZCS9FYF4 | Odin | 589.57 MB | 2025-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9FYF4/S9080OZS9FYF4/S9080ZCS9FYF4 | Odin | 441.18 MB | 2025-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9FYE4/S9080CHC9FYE4/S9080ZCS9FYE4 | Odin | 652.29 MB | 2025-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9FYE4/S9080OZS9FYE4/S9080ZCS9FYE4 | Odin | 472.76 MB | 2025-05-01 |
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| S9080ZCU9FYH4/S9080CHC9FYH4/S9080ZCU9FYH2 | Odin | 2.7 GB | 2025-08-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9GYK3/S9080OZS9GYK3/S9080ZCS9GYK3 | Odin | 481.58 MB | 2025-11-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9GYK3/S9080CHC9GYK3/S9080ZCS9GYK3 | Odin | 482.92 MB | 2025-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9FYI2/S9080OZS9FYI2/S9080ZCS9FYI2 | Odin | 2.95 GB | 2025-09-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9FYH2/S9080OZS9FYH2/S9080ZCS9FYH2 | Odin | 410.94 MB | 2025-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9FYF2/S9080CHC9FYF2/S9080ZCS9FYF2 | Odin | 627.57 MB | 2025-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9FYF2/S9080OZS9FYF2/S9080ZCS9FYF2 | Odin | 451.3 MB | 2025-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9GZA1/S9080OZS9GZA1/S9080ZCS9GZA1 | Odin | 412.43 MB | 2026-01-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9GZA1/S9080CHC9GZA1/S9080ZCS9GZA1 | Odin | 414.65 MB | 2026-01-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9GYL1/S9080OZS9GYL1/S9080ZCS9GYL1 | Odin | 430.07 MB | 2025-12-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9GYL1/S9080CHC9GYL1/S9080ZCS9GYL1 | Odin | 428.68 MB | 2025-12-01 |
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| S9080ZHU9GYJ1/S9080OZS9GYJ1/S9080ZCU9GYJ1 | Odin | 494.59 MB | 2025-10-01 |
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| S9080ZCU9GYJ1/S9080CHC9GYJ1/S9080ZCU9GYJ1 | Odin | 608.72 MB | 2025-10-01 |
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| S9080ZCS9EYC1/S9080CHC9EYC1/S9080ZCS9EYC1 | Odin | 3.68 GB | 2025-03-01 |
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| S9080ZHS9EYC1/S9080OZS9EYC1/S9080ZCS9EYC1 | Odin | 4.09 GB | 2025-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU9FYDA/S9080CHC9FYDA/S9080ZCU9FYD9 | Odin | 655.46 MB | 2025-04-01 |
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| S9080ZCS8EXK9/S9080CHC8EXK9/S9080ZCS8EXK9 | Odin | 633.09 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHS8EXK9/S9080OZS8EXK9/S9080ZCS8EXK9 | Odin | 433.91 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHS8EXL8/S9080OZS8EXL8/S9080ZCS8EXL8 | Odin | 406.97 MB | 2024-12-01 |
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| S9080ZCU8EXK6/S9080CHC8EXK6/S9080ZCU8EXK6 | Odin | 639.19 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHU8EXK6/S9080OZS8EXK6/S9080ZCU8EXK6 | Odin | 443.88 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZCS8EYA5/S9080CHC8EYA5/S9080ZCS8EYA5 | Odin | 478.16 MB | 2025-01-01 |
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| S9080ZHS8EYA5/S9080OZS8EYA5/S9080ZCS8EYA5 | Odin | 379.18 MB | 2025-01-01 |
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| S9080ZHS8EXK4/S9080OZS8EXK4/S9080ZCS8EXK4 | Odin | 534.5 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZCS8EXK4/S9080CHC8EXK4/S9080ZCS8EXK4 | Odin | 698.5 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZCS8EXKA/S9080CHC8EXKA/S9080ZCS8EXK9 | Odin | 537.44 MB | 2024-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHU7EXH8/S9080OZS7EXH8/S9080ZCU7EXH8 | Odin | 567.09 MB | 2024-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCU7EXH8/S9080CHC7EXH8/S9080ZCU7EXH8 | Odin | 730.83 MB | 2024-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCS7EXG8/S9080CHC7EXG8/S9080ZCS7EXG8 | Odin | 2.32 GB | 2024-07-01 |
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| S9080ZHS7EXG8/S9080OZS7EXG8/S9080ZCS7EXG8 | Odin | 2.9 GB | 2024-07-01 |
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| S9080ZHS7EXF8/S9080OZS7EXF8/S9080ZCS7EXF8 | Odin | 2.9 GB | 2024-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCS7EXF8/S9080CHC7EXF8/S9080ZCS7EXF8 | Odin | 2.32 GB | 2024-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCS7EXJ3/S9080CHC7EXJ3/S9080ZCS7EXJ3 | Odin | 721.1 MB | 2024-10-01 |
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| S9080ZHS7EXJ3/S9080OZS7EXJ3/S9080ZCS7EXJ3 | Odin | 560.76 MB | 2024-10-01 |
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| S9080ZCS6EXE2/S9080CHC6EXE2/S9080ZCS6EXE2 | Odin | 2.49 GB | 2024-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHS6EXE2/S9080OZS6EXE2/S9080ZCS6EXE2 | Odin | 2.91 GB | 2024-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHS6EXF1/S9080OZS6EXF1/S9080ZCS6EXF1 | Odin | 2.91 GB | 2024-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCU5EXE1/S9080CHC5EXE1/S9080ZCU5EXE1 | Odin | 2.49 GB | 2024-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHU5EXE1/S9080OZS5EXE1/S9080ZCU5EXE1 | Odin | 2.91 GB | 2024-05-01 |
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| S9080ZCS5DXD1/S9080CHC5DXD1/S9080ZCS5DXD1 | Odin | 3.09 GB | 2024-04-01 |
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| S9080ZHS5DXD1/S9080OZS5DXD1/S9080ZCS5DXD1 | Odin | 3.43 GB | 2024-04-01 |
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| S9080ZHS5DXC1/S9080OZS5DXC1/S9080ZCS5DXC1 | Odin | 3.43 GB | 2024-03-01 |
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| S9080ZHS5DXB1/S9080OZS5DXB1/S9080ZCS5DXB1 | Odin | 3.43 GB | 2024-02-01 |
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| S9080ZCS5DXA1/S9080CHC5DXA1/S9080ZCS5DXA1 | Odin | 3.09 GB | 2024-01-01 |
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| S9080ZHS5DWLD/S9080OZS5DWLD/S9080ZCS5DWLD | Odin | 3.44 GB | 2023-12-01 |
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| S9080ZHSAGZB4/S9080OZSAGZB4/S9080ZCSAGZB1 | Odin | 110.88 MB | 2026-02-01 |
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| S9080ZCSAGZB4/S9080CHCAGZB4/S9080ZCSAGZB1 | Odin | 214.42 MB | 2026-02-01 |
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| S9080ZHU4DWK8/S9080OZS4DWK8/S9080ZCU4DWL1 | Odin | 3.44 GB | 2023-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHS4CWH3/S9080OZS4CWH3/S9080ZCU4CWGI | Odin | 378.16 MB | 2023-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCU4DWL1/S9080CHC4DWL1/S9080ZCU4DWL1 | Odin | 3.12 GB | 2023-12-01 |
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| S9080ZCS4CWJ1/S9080CHC4CWJ1/S9080ZCS4CWJ1 | Odin | 2.79 GB | 2023-10-01 |
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| S9080ZHS4CWJ1/S9080OZS4CWJ1/S9080ZCS4CWJ1 | Odin | 2.94 GB | 2023-10-01 |
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| S9080ZCU4CWG1/S9080CHC4CWG1/S9080ZCU4CWG1 | Odin | 1.92 GB | 2023-07-01 |
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| S9080ZHS4CWF1/S9080OZS4CWF1/S9080ZCS4CWF1 | Odin | 2.22 GB | 2023-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCU4CWH1/S9080CHC4CWH1/S9080ZCU4CWGI | Odin | 576.78 MB | 2023-08-01 |
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| S9080ZHU4CWH1/S9080OZS4CWH1/S9080ZCU4CWGI | Odin | 392.76 MB | 2023-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCU3CWE7/S9080CHC3CWE7/S9080ZCU3CWE7 | Odin | 1.94 GB | 2023-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHS3CWE7/S9080OZS3CWE7/S9080ZCU3CWE2 | Odin | 2.22 GB | 2023-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHU3CWE6/S9080OZS3CWE6/S9080ZCU3CWE2 | Odin | 2.24 GB | 2023-05-01 |
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| S9080ZCU3CWCF/S9080CHC3CWCF/S9080ZCU3CWCE | Odin | 1.95 GB | 2023-03-01 |
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| S9080ZHU3CWCE/S9080OZS3CWCE/S9080ZCU3CWCE | Odin | 2.24 GB | 2023-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVG9/S9080CHC2AVG9/S9080ZCU2AVG6 | Odin | 1.02 GB | 2022-07-01 |
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| S9080ZHS2CWB8/S9080OZS2CWB8/S9080ZCU2CWB3 | Odin | 2.56 GB | 2023-02-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2CWB7/S9080CHC2CWB7/S9080ZCU2CWB5 | Odin | 2.26 GB | 2023-02-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVF7/S9080CHC2AVF7/S9080ZCU2AVF1 | Odin | 1.06 GB | 2022-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVF7/S9080OZS2AVF7/S9080ZCU2AVF1 | Odin | 1.03 GB | 2022-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVG6/S9080OZS2AVG6/S9080ZCU2AVG6 | Odin | 1010.28 MB | 2022-07-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVE4/S9080OZS2AVE4/S9080ZCU2AVDA | Odin | 1.87 GB | 2022-05-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVE4/S9080CHC2AVE4/S9080ZCU2AVDA | Odin | 1.54 GB | 2022-05-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2CWB3/S9080OZS2CWB3/S9080ZCU2CWB3 | Odin | 2.56 GB | 2023-02-01 |
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| S9080ZCS2AVI3/S9080CHC2AVI3/S9080ZCS2AVI1 | Odin | 2.89 GB | 2022-09-01 |
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| S9080ZHS2BWA2/S9080OZS2BWA2/S9080ZCU2BVL1 | Odin | 2.98 GB | 2023-01-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2BVL1/S9080CHC2BVL1/S9080ZCU2BVL1 | Odin | 2.65 GB | 2022-12-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2BVL1/S9080OZS2BVL1/S9080ZCU2BVL1 | Odin | 2.98 GB | 2022-12-01 |
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| S9080ZHS2AVI1/S9080OZS2AVI1/S9080ZCS2AVI1 | Odin | 3.13 GB | 2022-09-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVF1/S9080CHC2AVF1/S9080ZCU2AVF1 | Odin | 1.13 GB | 2022-06-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVF1/S9080OZS2AVF1/S9080ZCU2AVF1 | Odin | 1.12 GB | 2022-06-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVHB/S9080CHC2AVHB/S9080ZCU2AVH9 | Odin | 320.52 MB | 2022-08-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVHB/S9080OZS2AVHB/S9080ZCU2AVH9 | Odin | 342.55 MB | 2022-08-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2BWAB/S9080CHC2BWAB/S9080ZCU2BVL1 | Odin | 2.64 GB | 2023-01-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2BVKC/S9080CHC2BVKC/S9080ZCU2BVKA | Odin | 2.66 GB | 2022-11-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2BVKC/S9080OZS2BVKC/S9080ZCU2BVKA | Odin | 2.99 GB | 2022-11-01 |
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| S9080ZCU2AVDC/S9080CHC2AVDC/S9080ZCU2AVDA | Odin | 1.54 GB | 2022-04-01 |
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| S9080ZHU2AVDC/S9080OZS2AVDC/S9080ZCU2AVDA | Odin | 1.87 GB | 2022-04-01 |
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| S9080ZHU1AVC9/S9080OZS1AVC9/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 2.17 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU1AVC9/S9080CHC1AVC9/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 1.79 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZHU1AVA7/S9080OZS1AVA7/S9080ZCU1AVA7 | Odin | 2.36 GB | 2022-01-01 |
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| S9080ZCU1AVA7/S9080CHC1AVA7/S9080ZCU1AVA7 | Odin | 1.95 GB | 2022-01-01 |
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| S9080ZHU1AVC5/S9080OZS1AVC5/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 2.17 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU1AVC5/S9080CHC1AVC5/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 1.79 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZHU1AVCK/S9080OZS1AVCK/S9080ZCU1AVCJ | Odin | 1.93 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU1AVCL/S9080CHC1AVCL/S9080ZCU1AVCJ | Odin | 1.62 GB | 2022-03-01 |
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| S9080ZCU1AVBH/S9080CHC1AVBH/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 1.81 GB | 2022-02-01 |
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| S9080ZHU1AVBH/S9080OZS1AVBH/S9080ZCU1AVBH | Odin | 2.19 GB | 2022-02-01 |
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Versions: SM-S908B, SM-S908B/DS (International); SM-S908U (USA); SM-S908U1 (USA unlocked); SM-S908W (Canada); SM-S908N (Korea); SM-S9080 (China); SM-S908E (Asia/Africa)
| Network | Technology | GSM / CDMA / HSPA / EVDO / LTE / 5G |
|---|---|---|
| 2G bands | GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 | |
| CDMA 800 / 1900 & TD-SCDMA | ||
| 3G bands | HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1700(AWS) / 1900 / 2100 | |
| CDMA2000 1xEV-DO | ||
| 4G bands | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41, 66 - International | |
| 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, 48, 66, 71 - USA | ||
| 5G bands | 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 20, 25, 28, 38, 40, 41, 66, 75, 77, 78 SA/NSA/Sub6 - International | |
| 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 20, 28, 38, 41, 66, 71, 260, 261 SA/NSA/Sub6/mmWave - USA | ||
| Speed | HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE (7CA) Cat20 2000/200 Mbps, 5G (5+ Gbps DL) |
| Launch | Announced | 2022, February 09 |
|---|---|---|
| Status | Available. Released 2022, February 25 |
| Body | Dimensions | 163.3 x 77.9 x 8.9 mm (6.43 x 3.07 x 0.35 in) |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | 228 g / 229 g (mmWave) (8.04 oz) | |
| Build | Glass front (Gorilla Glass Victus+), glass back (Gorilla Glass Victus+), aluminum frame | |
| SIM | · Nano-SIM + eSIM · Nano-SIM + Nano-SIM + eSIM (max 2 at a time) | |
| IP68 dust tight and water resistant (immersible up to 1.5m for 30 min) Armor aluminum frame Stylus, 2.8ms latency (Bluetooth integration, accelerometer, gyro) |
| Display | Type | Dynamic AMOLED 2X, 120Hz, HDR10+, 1750 nits (peak) |
|---|---|---|
| Size | 6.8 inches, 114.7 cm2 (~90.2% screen-to-body ratio) | |
| Resolution | 1440 x 3088 pixels, 19.3:9 ratio (~500 ppi density) | |
| Protection | Corning Gorilla Glass Victus+ |
| Platform | OS | Android 12, up to 4 major Android upgrades, One UI 8 |
|---|---|---|
| Chipset | Exynos 2200 (4 nm) - Europe Qualcomm SM8450 Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 (4 nm) - ROW | |
| CPU | Octa-core (1x2.8 GHz Cortex-X2 & 3x2.50 GHz Cortex-A710 & 4x1.8 GHz Cortex-A510) - Europe Octa-core (1x3.00 GHz Cortex-X2 & 3x2.50 GHz Cortex-A710 & 4x1.80 GHz Cortex-A510) - ROW | |
| GPU | Xclipse 920 - Europe Adreno 730 - ROW |
| Memory | Card slot | No |
|---|---|---|
| Internal | 128GB 8GB RAM, 256GB 12GB RAM, 512GB 12GB RAM, 1TB 12GB RAM | |
| UFS 3.1 |
| Main Camera | Quad | 108 MP, f/1.8, 23mm (wide), 1/1.33", 0.8µm, PDAF, OIS 10 MP, f/2.4, 70mm (telephoto), 1/3.52", 1.12µm, PDAF, OIS, 3x optical zoom 10 MP, f/4.9, 230mm (periscope telephoto), 1/3.52", 1.12µm, PDAF, OIS, 10x optical zoom 12 MP, f/2.2, 13mm, 120˚ (ultrawide), 1/2.55", 1.4µm, dual pixel PDAF, Super Steady video |
|---|---|---|
| Features | Laser AF, LED flash, auto-HDR, panorama | |
| Video | 8K@24fps, 4K@30/60fps, 1080p@30/60/120/240fps, HDR10+, stereo sound rec., gyro-EIS |
| Selfie camera | Single | 40 MP, f/2.2, 26mm (wide), 1/2.82", 0.7µm, PDAF |
|---|---|---|
| Features | HDR | |
| Video | 4K@30/60fps, 1080p@30fps |
| Sound | Loudspeaker | Yes, with stereo speakers |
|---|---|---|
| 3.5mm jack | No | |
| High-bitrate audio support |
| Comms | WLAN | Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/6e, dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct |
|---|---|---|
| Bluetooth | 5.2, A2DP, LE | |
| Positioning | GPS, GLONASS, BDS, GALILEO | |
| NFC | Yes | |
| Radio | No | |
| USB | USB Type-C 3.2, OTG |
| Features | Sensors | Fingerprint (under display, ultrasonic), accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass, barometer |
|---|---|---|
| Samsung DeX, Samsung Wireless DeX (desktop experience support) Ultra Wideband (UWB) support |
| Battery | Type | Li-Ion 5000 mAh |
|---|---|---|
| Charging | 45W wired, PD3.0 15W wireless (Qi) 4.5W reverse wireless |
| Misc | Colors | Phantom Black, White, Burgundy, Green, Graphite, Red, Sky Blue, Bora Purple |
|---|---|---|
| Models | SM-S908B, SM-S908B/DS, SM-S908U, SM-S908U1, SM-S908W, SM-S908N, SM-S9080, SM-S908E, SM-S908E/DS | |
| SAR | 1.18 W/kg (head) 0.98 W/kg (body) | |
| SAR EU | 1.05 W/kg (head) 1.58 W/kg (body) | |
| Price | $ 324.00 / € 309.00 / £ 256.00 |
| Our Tests | Performance | AnTuTu: 968359 (v9) GeekBench: 3657 (v5.1) GFXBench: 37fps (ES 3.1 onscreen) |
|---|---|---|
| Display | 1266 nits max brightness (measured) | |
| Camera | Photo / Video | |
| Loudspeaker | -27.3 LUFS (Good) | |
| Battery (old) | Endurance rating 108h | |
A: Yes — official firmware from the manufacturer is generally safe when you match your device's exact model number and region. Flashing the wrong region or modified firmware can cause issues.
A: Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra (SM-S9080) firmware is flashed using Odin. See the step-by-step guide above for the full procedure.
A: Some devices allow downgrading, others have anti-rollback protection that blocks it. Check the version-specific notes on each ROM page, or your model's community forum, before attempting a downgrade.
A: First, verify the firmware matches your exact model code (e.g. SM-S938B for Samsung, or the CPH-number for OPPO). Reinstall the manufacturer's USB drivers, use a rear USB 2.0 port directly on your PC, and retry. The troubleshooting box above the FAQ covers the most common failure modes.